Adriaen Willaert and the imitative exordium: pedagogical use in ricercares or predilection for a consolidated style?
Keywords:
motet, ricercar, Willaert, imitative polyphony, cadencesAbstract
The emergence of polyphonic ricercare in the mid-16th century is marked by the publication of the collection Musica nova accommodata..., in 1540, composed of works by Willaert and others. The author's ricercares, even without text, present a structure similar to that of imitative motets from Josquin’s period and even from Willaert himself, in an early creative period. To point out such relationships, we start from a process initiated in our previous works, with analytical approaches for evaluating the polyphonic and textual structure in exordia of Palestrina’s four-voice motets, applying it to the set of Willaert’s four-voice motets printed in 1539, a year before the publication of his four-part ricercares, therefore. In this way, we were able to identify exordia with strict ‘interduo’ imitations (one duo imitating the other) that date back to the first manuscripts attributed to the author. The chronology of his motets, however, indicates a progressive tendency to make this strict scheme more flexible, by combining melodic ‘intraduo’ imitations (in each of the duos) in an ingeniously dissimilar way in the exordium. In this work, we demonstrate that Willaert’s ricercares from 1540 were printed for their pedagogical character, unlike his strict imitation motets printed in 1539, selected due to a probable editorial predilection, in this case.